| 
  | 
| _ | 
 | ‘_’ | Attributes | 
  | 
| - | 
 | ‘-’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | ‘-’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
  | 
| . | 
 | ‘.’ | Attributes | 
 | . | BNF | 
  | 
| ' | 
 | ‘'’ | Tokens | 
  | 
| " | 
 | ‘"’ | Tokens | 
 | “is defined as” | BNF | 
  | 
| ( | 
 | ( | Functions | 
 | ‘(  )’ | Grouping Operators | 
  | 
| ) | 
 | ) | Functions | 
  | 
| * | 
 | ‘*’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | ‘**’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
  | 
| / | 
 | ‘/’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
  | 
| & | 
 | ‘&’ | Logical Operators | 
  | 
| + | 
 | ‘+’ | Arithmetic Operators | 
  | 
| < | 
 | < | Relational Operators | 
 | <= | Relational Operators | 
 | <> | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| = | 
 | ‘=’ | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| > | 
 | ‘>’ | Relational Operators | 
 | >= | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| | | 
 | ‘|’ | Logical Operators | 
  | 
| ~ | 
 | ‘~’ | Logical Operators | 
 | ~= | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| $ | 
 | $CASENUM | System Variables | 
 | $DATE | System Variables | 
 | $DATE11 | System Variables | 
 | $JDATE | System Variables | 
 | $LENGTH | System Variables | 
 | $SYSMIS | System Variables | 
 | $TIME | System Variables | 
 | $WIDTH | System Variables | 
  | 
| A | 
 | absolute value | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | addition | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | analysis of variance | GLM | 
 | analysis of variance | ONEWAY | 
 | AND | Logical Operators | 
 | ANOVA | GLM | 
 | ANOVA | ONEWAY | 
 | arccosine | Trigonometry | 
 | arcsine | Trigonometry | 
 | arctangent | Trigonometry | 
 | Area under curve | ROC | 
 | arguments, invalid | Date Construction | 
 | arguments, minimum valid | Statistical Functions | 
 | arguments, of date construction functions | Date Construction | 
 | arguments, of date extraction functions | Date Extraction | 
 | arithmetic mean | MEANS | 
 | arithmetic operators | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | attributes of variables | Attributes | 
  | 
| B | 
 | Backus-Naur Form | BNF | 
 | bar chart | FREQUENCIES | 
 | bar chart | BAR CHART | 
 | bar chart | CROSSTABS | 
 | Batch syntax | Syntax Variants | 
 | binary formats | Binary and Hexadecimal Numeric Formats | 
 | binomial test | BINOMIAL | 
 | bivariate logistic regression | LOGISTIC REGRESSION | 
 | BNF | BNF | 
 | Boolean | Boolean Values | 
 | Boolean | Logical Operators | 
 | boxplot | EXAMINE | 
 | bugs | Bugs | 
  | 
| C | 
 | case conversion | String Functions | 
 | case-sensitivity | Tokens | 
 | case-sensitivity | Tokens | 
 | cases | Data Input and Output | 
 | changing directory | CD | 
 | changing file permissions | PERMISSIONS | 
 | chi-square | CROSSTABS | 
 | chi-square test | CHISQUARE | 
 | chi-square test of independence | CROSSTABS | 
 | clustering | QUICK CLUSTER | 
 | Cochran Q test | COCHRAN | 
 | coefficient of concordance | KENDALL | 
 | coefficient of variation | Statistical Functions | 
 | comma separated values | Reading data from other sources | 
 | command file | Files | 
 | command syntax, description of | BNF | 
 | commands, ordering | Order of Commands | 
 | commands, structure | Commands | 
 | commands, unimplemented | Not Implemented | 
 | concatenation | String Functions | 
 | conditionals | Conditionals and Looping | 
 | consistency | Testing data consistency | 
 | constructing dates | Date Construction | 
 | constructing times | Time Construction | 
 | control flow | Conditionals and Looping | 
 | convention, TO | Sets of Variables | 
 | copyright | License | 
 | correlation | CORRELATIONS | 
 | cosine | Trigonometry | 
 | covariance | CORRELATIONS | 
 | Cronbach’s Alpha | RELIABILITY | 
 | cross-case function | Miscellaneous Functions | 
 | currency formats | Custom Currency Formats | 
 | custom attributes | Attributes | 
 | custom tables | CTABLES | 
  | 
| D | 
 | data | Data Input and Output | 
 | data file | Files | 
 | data files | GET DATA /TYPE=TXT | 
 | data reduction | FACTOR | 
 | Data, embedding in syntax files | BEGIN DATA | 
 | data, embedding in syntax files | DATA LIST | 
 | data, fixed-format, reading | DATA LIST FIXED | 
 | data, reading from a file | DATA LIST | 
 | databases | Reading data from other sources | 
 | databases | GET DATA /TYPE=PSQL | 
 | dataset | Datasets | 
 | date examination | Date Extraction | 
 | date formats | Time and Date Formats | 
 | date, Julian | Miscellaneous Functions | 
 | dates | Time and Date | 
 | dates, concepts | Time and Date Concepts | 
 | dates, constructing | Date Construction | 
 | dates, day of the month | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, day of the week | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, day of the year | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, day-month-year | Date Construction | 
 | dates, in days | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in hours | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in minutes | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in months | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in quarters | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in seconds | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in weekdays | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in weeks | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, in years | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, mathematical properties of | Time and Date Arithmetic | 
 | dates, month-year | Date Construction | 
 | dates, quarter-year | Date Construction | 
 | dates, time of day | Date Extraction | 
 | dates, valid | Time and Date | 
 | dates, week-year | Date Construction | 
 | dates, year-day | Date Construction | 
 | day of the month | Date Extraction | 
 | day of the week | Date Extraction | 
 | day of the year | Date Extraction | 
 | day-month-year | Date Construction | 
 | days | Time Construction | 
 | days | Time Extraction | 
 | days | Date Extraction | 
 | days | Date Extraction | 
 | decimal places | OUTPUT | 
 | description of command syntax | BNF | 
 | deviation, standard | Statistical Functions | 
 | dictionary | Datasets | 
 | directory | CD | 
 | division | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | DocBook | Introduction | 
  | 
| E | 
 | Embedding data in syntax files | BEGIN DATA | 
 | embedding data in syntax files | DATA LIST | 
 | embedding fixed-format data | DATA LIST FIXED | 
 | encoding, characters | SET | 
 | EQ | Relational Operators | 
 | equality, testing | Relational Operators | 
 | erroneous data | Identifying incorrect data | 
 | errors, in data | Identifying incorrect data | 
 | examination, of times | Time Extraction | 
 | Exploratory data analysis | EXAMINE | 
 | Exploratory data analysis | GRAPH | 
 | exponentiation | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | expression | BNF | 
 | expressions, mathematical | Expressions | 
 | extraction, of dates | Date Extraction | 
 | extraction, of time | Time Extraction | 
  | 
| F | 
 | factor analysis | FACTOR | 
 | factorial anova | GLM | 
 | false | Logical Operators | 
 | file definition commands | Types of Commands | 
 | file handles | File Handles | 
 | file mode | PERMISSIONS | 
 | file, command | Files | 
 | file, data | Files | 
 | file, output | Files | 
 | file, portable | Files | 
 | file, syntax file | Files | 
 | file, system | Files | 
 | fixed effects | GLM | 
 | fixed-format data, reading | DATA LIST FIXED | 
 | flow of control | Conditionals and Looping | 
 | formats | Input and Output Formats | 
 | Friedman test | FRIEDMAN | 
 | function, cross-case | Miscellaneous Functions | 
 | functions | Functions | 
 | functions, miscellaneous | Miscellaneous Functions | 
 | functions, missing-value | Missing Value Functions | 
 | functions, statistical | Statistical Functions | 
 | functions, string | String Functions | 
 | functions, time & date | Time and Date | 
  | 
| G | 
 | GE | Relational Operators | 
 | geometric mean | MEANS | 
 | Gnumeric | GET DATA /TYPE=GNM/ODS | 
 | Graphic user interface | Invoking PSPPIRE | 
 | greater than | Relational Operators | 
 | greater than or equal to | Relational Operators | 
 | grouping operators | Grouping Operators | 
 | GT | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| H | 
 | harmonic mean | MEANS | 
 | headers | SET | 
 | hexadecimal formats | Binary and Hexadecimal Numeric Formats | 
 | histogram | FREQUENCIES | 
 | histogram | EXAMINE | 
 | histogram | HISTOGRAM | 
 | hours | Time Extraction | 
 | hours | Date Extraction | 
 | hours-minutes-seconds | Time Construction | 
 | HTML | Introduction | 
 | HTML | HTML Output Options | 
 | Hypothesis testing | Hypothesis Testing | 
  | 
| I | 
 | identifiers | Tokens | 
 | identifiers, reserved | Tokens | 
 | inequality, testing | Relational Operators | 
 | input | Data Input and Output | 
 | input program commands | Types of Commands | 
 | integer | BNF | 
 | integers | Tokens | 
 | Interactive syntax | Syntax Variants | 
 | intersection, logical | Logical Operators | 
 | introduction | Introduction | 
 | inverse cosine | Trigonometry | 
 | inverse sine | Trigonometry | 
 | inverse tangent | Trigonometry | 
 | inversion, logical | Logical Operators | 
 | Inverting data | Inverting negatively coded variables | 
 | invocation | Invoking PSPP | 
 | Invocation | Invoking pspp-convert | 
 | Invocation | Invoking pspp-output | 
 | Invocation | Invoking pspp-dump-sav | 
  | 
| J | 
 | Julian date | Miscellaneous Functions | 
  | 
| K | 
 | K-means clustering | QUICK CLUSTER | 
 | Kendall’s W test | KENDALL | 
 | keywords | BNF | 
 | Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV | 
 | Kruskal-Wallis test | KRUSKAL-WALLIS | 
  | 
| L | 
 | labels, value | Attributes | 
 | labels, variable | Attributes | 
 | language, command structure | Commands | 
 | language, lexical analysis | Tokens | 
 | language, PSPP | Introduction | 
 | language, PSPP | Language | 
 | language, tokens | Tokens | 
 | LE | Relational Operators | 
 | length | SET | 
 | less than | Relational Operators | 
 | less than or equal to | Relational Operators | 
 | lexical analysis | Tokens | 
 | licence | License | 
 | license | License | 
 | Likert scale | Inverting negatively coded variables | 
 | linear regression | Linear Regression | 
 | linear regression | REGRESSION | 
 | locale | SET | 
 | logarithms | Mathematics | 
 | logical intersection | Logical Operators | 
 | logical inversion | Logical Operators | 
 | logical operators | Logical Operators | 
 | logical union | Logical Operators | 
 | logistic regression | LOGISTIC REGRESSION | 
 | loops | Conditionals and Looping | 
 | LT | Relational Operators | 
  | 
| M | 
 | macro | DEFINE | 
 | Mann-Whitney U test | MANN-WHITNEY | 
 | mathematical expressions | Expressions | 
 | mathematics | Functions | 
 | mathematics, advanced | Mathematics | 
 | mathematics, applied to times & dates | Time and Date Arithmetic | 
 | mathematics, miscellaneous | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | maximum | Statistical Functions | 
 | McNemar test | MCNEMAR | 
 | mean | Statistical Functions | 
 | means | MEANS | 
 | measurement level | Attributes | 
 | median | Statistical Functions | 
 | Median test | MEDIAN | 
 | membership, of set | Set Membership | 
 | memory, amount used to store cases | SET | 
 | minimum | Statistical Functions | 
 | minimum valid number of arguments | Statistical Functions | 
 | minutes | Time Extraction | 
 | minutes | Date Extraction | 
 | missing values | Missing Observations | 
 | missing values | Attributes | 
 | missing values | Missing Value Functions | 
 | mode | PERMISSIONS | 
 | modulus | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | modulus, by 10 | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | month-year | Date Construction | 
 | months | Date Extraction | 
 | multiplication | Arithmetic Operators | 
  | 
| N | 
 | names, of functions | Functions | 
 | NE | Relational Operators | 
 | negation | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | nonparametric tests | NPAR TESTS | 
 | nonterminals | BNF | 
 | normality, testing | Testing for normality | 
 | normality, testing | EXAMINE | 
 | normality, testing | GRAPH | 
 | NOT | Logical Operators | 
 | npplot | EXAMINE | 
 | null hypothesis | Hypothesis Testing | 
 | number | BNF | 
 | numbers | Tokens | 
 | numbers, converting from strings | String Functions | 
 | numbers, converting to strings | String Functions | 
 | numeric formats | Basic Numeric Formats | 
  | 
| O | 
 | obligations, your | License | 
 | observations | Data Input and Output | 
 | OpenDocument | GET DATA /TYPE=GNM/ODS | 
 | operations, order of | Order of Operations | 
 | operator precedence | Order of Operations | 
 | operators | Tokens | 
 | operators | BNF | 
 | operators | Functions | 
 | operators, arithmetic | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | operators, grouping | Grouping Operators | 
 | operators, logical | Logical Operators | 
 | OR | Logical Operators | 
 | order of commands | Order of Commands | 
 | order of operations | Order of Operations | 
 | output | Data Input and Output | 
 | output file | Files | 
  | 
| P | 
 | p-value | Hypothesis Testing | 
 | pager | SET | 
 | parentheses | Grouping Operators | 
 | parentheses | Functions | 
 | PDF | Introduction | 
 | PDF | PDF PostScript SVG and PNG Output Options | 
 | percentiles | FREQUENCIES | 
 | percentiles | EXAMINE | 
 | period | Attributes | 
 | piechart | FREQUENCIES | 
 | PNG | PDF PostScript SVG and PNG Output Options | 
 | portable file | Files | 
 | postgres | GET DATA /TYPE=PSQL | 
 | PostScript | Introduction | 
 | Postscript | PDF PostScript SVG and PNG Output Options | 
 | precedence, operator | Order of Operations | 
 | precision, of output | OUTPUT | 
 | principal axis factoring | FACTOR | 
 | principal components analysis | FACTOR | 
 | print format | Attributes | 
 | procedures | Types of Commands | 
 | productions | BNF | 
 | productions | BNF | 
 | PSPP language | Introduction | 
 | pspp-convert | Invoking pspp-convert | 
 | pspp-dump-sav | Invoking pspp-dump-sav | 
 | pspp-output | Invoking pspp-output | 
 | PSPP, command structure | Commands | 
 | PSPP, invoking | Invoking PSPP | 
 | PSPP, language | Language | 
 | PSPPIRE | Invoking PSPPIRE | 
 | punctuators | Tokens | 
 | punctuators | BNF | 
  | 
| Q | 
 | Q, Cochran Q | COCHRAN | 
 | quarter-year | Date Construction | 
 | quarters | Date Extraction | 
  | 
| R | 
 | reading data | Reading data from a text file | 
 | reading data from a file | DATA LIST | 
 | reading fixed-format data | DATA LIST FIXED | 
 | reals | Tokens | 
 | Receiver Operating Characteristic | ROC | 
 | recoding data | Dealing with suspicious data | 
 | regression | REGRESSION | 
 | reliability | Testing data consistency | 
 | replacing substrings | String Functions | 
 | reserved identifiers | Tokens | 
 | restricted expressions | Matrix Expressions | 
 | restricted transformations | Types of Commands | 
 | rights, your | License | 
 | rounding | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | runs test | RUNS | 
  | 
| S | 
 | saving | Saving data to a PSPP file. | 
 | scatterplot | SCATTERPLOT | 
 | scratch variables | Scratch Variables | 
 | screening | Data Screening and Transformation | 
 | searching strings | String Functions | 
 | seconds | Time Extraction | 
 | seconds | Date Extraction | 
 | set membership | Set Membership | 
 | Shapiro-Wilk | EXAMINE | 
 | sign test | SIGN | 
 | sine | Trigonometry | 
 | spreadlevel plot | EXAMINE | 
 | spreadsheet files | GET DATA /TYPE=GNM/ODS | 
 | spreadsheets | Reading data from other sources | 
 | square roots | Mathematics | 
 | standard deviation | Statistical Functions | 
 | start symbol | BNF | 
 | statistics | Statistical Functions | 
 | string | BNF | 
 | string formats | String Formats | 
 | string functions | String Functions | 
 | strings | Tokens | 
 | strings, case of | String Functions | 
 | strings, case of | String Functions | 
 | strings, concatenation of | String Functions | 
 | strings, converting from numbers | String Functions | 
 | strings, converting to numbers | String Functions | 
 | strings, finding length of | String Functions | 
 | strings, padding | String Functions | 
 | strings, replacing substrings | String Functions | 
 | strings, taking substrings of | String Functions | 
 | strings, trimming | String Functions | 
 | strings, trimming | String Functions | 
 | strings, truncating | String Functions | 
 | substrings | String Functions | 
 | subtraction | Arithmetic Operators | 
 | sum | Statistical Functions | 
 | SVG | PDF PostScript SVG and PNG Output Options | 
 | symbol, start | BNF | 
 | syntax file | Files | 
 | SYSMIS | Dealing with suspicious data | 
 | system file | Files | 
 | system files | Reading data from a pre-prepared PSPP file | 
 | system variables | System Variables | 
 | system-missing | Logical Operators | 
  | 
| T | 
 | T-test | Testing for differences of means | 
 | tables, custom | CTABLES | 
 | tangent | Trigonometry | 
 | terminals | BNF | 
 | terminals and nonterminals, differences | BNF | 
 | testing for equality | Relational Operators | 
 | testing for inequality | Relational Operators | 
 | TeX | TeX Output Options | 
 | tex | TeX Output Options | 
 | text files | GET DATA /TYPE=TXT | 
 | time | Date Extraction | 
 | time examination | Time Extraction | 
 | time formats | Time and Date Formats | 
 | time, concepts | Time and Date Concepts | 
 | time, in days | Time Construction | 
 | time, in days | Time Extraction | 
 | time, in days | Date Extraction | 
 | time, in hours | Time Extraction | 
 | time, in hours | Date Extraction | 
 | time, in hours-minutes-seconds | Time Construction | 
 | time, in minutes | Time Extraction | 
 | time, in minutes | Date Extraction | 
 | time, in seconds | Time Extraction | 
 | time, in seconds | Date Extraction | 
 | time, instants of | Time and Date Concepts | 
 | time, intervals | Time and Date Concepts | 
 | time, lengths of | Time Extraction | 
 | time, mathematical properties of | Time and Date Arithmetic | 
 | times | Time and Date | 
 | times, constructing | Time Construction | 
 | times, in days | Date Extraction | 
 | tnumbers | SET | 
 | TO convention | Sets of Variables | 
 | tokens | Tokens | 
 | transformation | Data Screening and Transformation | 
 | transformations | Types of Commands | 
 | transformations | Data Manipulation | 
 | trigonometry | Trigonometry | 
 | troubleshooting | Bugs | 
 | true | Logical Operators | 
 | truncation | Miscellaneous Mathematics | 
 | type of variables | Attributes | 
  | 
| U | 
 | U, Mann-Whitney U | MANN-WHITNEY | 
 | unimplemented commands | Not Implemented | 
 | union, logical | Logical Operators | 
 | univariate analysis of variance | GLM | 
 | utility commands | Types of Commands | 
  | 
| V | 
 | value label | Miscellaneous Functions | 
 | value labels | Attributes | 
 | values, Boolean | Boolean Values | 
 | values, missing | Missing Observations | 
 | values, missing | Attributes | 
 | values, missing | Missing Value Functions | 
 | values, system-missing | Logical Operators | 
 | var-list | BNF | 
 | var-name | BNF | 
 | variable | Datasets | 
 | variable labels | Attributes | 
 | variable names, ending with period | Attributes | 
 | variable role | Attributes | 
 | variables | Defining Variables | 
 | Variables | Manipulating Variables | 
 | variables, attributes of | Attributes | 
 | variables, system | System Variables | 
 | variables, type | Attributes | 
 | variables, width | Attributes | 
 | variance | Statistical Functions | 
 | variation, coefficient of | Statistical Functions | 
  | 
| W | 
 | week | Date Extraction | 
 | week-year | Date Construction | 
 | weekday | Date Extraction | 
 | white space, trimming | String Functions | 
 | white space, trimming | String Functions | 
 | width | SET | 
 | width of variables | Attributes | 
 | wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test | WILCOXON | 
 | workspace | SET | 
 | write format | Attributes | 
  | 
| Y | 
 | year-day | Date Construction | 
 | years | Date Extraction | 
 | your rights and obligations | License | 
  |